初一英语上册语法知识点总结

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要想取得好的学习成绩，必须要有良好的学习习惯
。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯 ，就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松 。以下是我为您整理的《初中 一年级英语 上册知识点 总结 》
，供大家查阅
。

初一英语上册语法知识点总结

Unit 1

词汇重点：

1. Good morning/ afternoon / evening 早上/下午/晚上好 Good night 晚安(晚上告别)

2. glad / nice to meet / see you 见到你很高兴 (回答也一样)

3. welcome to + 地点 欢迎来到…… (回答：Thank you 或者Thanks)

4.let’s + V(原) 让我们做……

5. stand up 起立 sit down 坐下

6. this is----- 这是…… (用于介绍第三者的用语)

7. How do you do ?你好 (回答也是：How do you do ? )

8. How are you ? 你好吗? Fine ,thank you .and you ? 很好;谢谢;你呢?

I’m OK / I’m fine , too . 我也很好。

9.see you = see you later = see you soon = good-bye 再见

10.excuse me 打扰一下;请问

11.I’m -----= my name is ---- 我是……

12. be from = come from 来自

13.in English 用英语

14.Can you spell it ? Yes / No 你能拼写它吗? 能/不能

15.That’s OK / That’s all right / You’re welcome / Not at all 不用谢

16. …… years old ……岁

17.telephone number 电话号码 QQ number QQ号码 ID number 身份证

18.the same (相同的) 反义词 是 different (不同的)

例: We are in the same grade, but we are in different classes.

重点 句子 句型：

1. What is your name ? 你的名字是什么?

2. Where +be + 主语 + from? 某人来自于哪里?(回答：主语+be+地点)

Where are you from? I am from quanzhou.

3. How old + be + 主语? 某人几岁? (回答： 主语 + be + 数字 )

例： How old are you ? I’m forteen.

4. What is your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少?

(回答：My telephone number is----或者It’s -------)注意：读出号码的时候要逐个读出 。

5. What class / grade +be + 主语 + in ? 某人在哪一个班级/年级?

例：what class are you in ? I am in Class Five. (注意：Class 和 Five需要大写)

what grade are you in ? I am in Grade Seven.(注意：Glass 和 Seven需要大写)

6. What’s this/ that (in English) ? 这是什么? (回答：It’s a/an + 单数名词. 这是……)

What’ re these/ those (in English) ? 这些是什么?(回答：They’re + 复数名词 这些是……)

7. How do you spell it ? 你怎么拼写它? E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser. (注意拼读 方法 )

Unit 2

1.sb + has/ have ( an /a ) + adj + 五官 === sb’s 五官 is / are + adj (描述长相)

例：Lily has a small nose. = Lily’s nose is small.

2.I know = I see 我明白了

3.That’s right 那是对的

4.look the same look like 看起来相像 look different 看起来不同

例： Jim and Lilei look the same.== Jim looks like Lilei. .

5. look at + n 看某物 look for +n 寻找某人/某物 look after +n 照顾某人

6.both 两者都…… all 三者或者三者以上都……

Both 和 all位于 be动词或情态动词后，位于行为动词前
。

例： We are both students. We both have black eyes. We can both speak English.

7. give sth to sb = give sb sth 把某物给某人; (注意：如果sth是it或them ，只能用前者)

8. have different looks == look different 有着不同的长相 (看起来不相像)

have　the same look. ==look the same 有着相同的长相 (看起来很相像)

9.over there 在那边 come in 请进 go out 出去

10. in + 颜色 或 in a/an/the +颜色 + 衣服 表示穿着……颜色的衣服

常常接在名词的后面
，表示穿----颜色衣服的…… 如 the girl in red is my sister.

11. too + adj 太……

12.pants 和 shoes 做主语,谓语动词用复数;但a pair of pants/ shoes作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

例： His shoes are black. A pair of shoes is under the bed.

13. in the morning/ afternoom/ evening 在早上/下午/晚上 at night 在晚上

14.go shopping = go to the shop 去购物 类似的有 go swimming go fishing go skating 等等

15.help sb. ( to ) do sth == help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 注意：sb 用代词时必须用宾格

16.high school 中学

17.play +球类 play the 乐器

18.think of 认为 ，想 think about 考虑 I think + 从句 我认为……

I think he you are right. 否定式常否定主句，但翻译时要否定后面的从句

例：I don’t think he can come. 我认为他不会来了.(不能说：我不认为他会来)

句型：

1. What do/does + 主语 + look like ? 询问人的长相

例： What does your English teacher look like ?

2.What’s -----and ------? ……加……是什么?(回答：It’s ------)

例：What’s red and yellow? It’s orange. What’s two and five? It’s seven.

3.Whose + 东西 + is this/ that ? Whose + 东西 +are these/ those ? 这/这些 是谁的……?

例：Whose coat is this ? It is mine. Whose shoes are these ? They are hers.

4.Who is the letter from? 这封信来自于谁? It’s from Lily. 它来自于莉莉。

5.What color be + 东西? (回答：It’s +颜色 或者 They’er + 颜色)

例：What color is your dress? It’s black.

初一英语上册语法知识点总结

I.重点句型

Good morning/afternoon/evening.

Good morning/afternoon/evening.

How are you? I’m fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks.

What’s this in English? It’s a map. It’s V.

Spell it please. K-E-Y.

What color is it/the key? It’s blue. The key is yellow.

Hello, Frank. Hello/Hi, Eric.

Unit 1 My name is Gina.

I.重点句型

What’s your name? My name is Jenny. /I’m Jenny. /Jenny.

Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you , too.

What’s his name? His name is Jenny. Jenny.

What’s her name? Her name is Linda.. Linda.

What’s your first name? My first name is Jack. Jack.

What’s your last/family name?

My last/family name is Green. It’s Green.

What’s your/his/her phone number?

My /His/Her phone number is 234-4567. /It’s 281-9176.

II.词组

1 name’s=name is 名字是

2 I’m=I am 我是

3 she’s=she is 她是

he’s=he is 他是

you’re =you are 你是(复数形式)

they’re=they are 他(她;它)们是

that’s=that is 那是

isn’t=is not 不是(单数形式)

he’s not =he is not=he isn’t 他不是

what’s=what is 什么是

where’s=where is 在哪儿是

Let’s=Let us 让我们

4 Nice to meet/see you 见到你很高兴

5 last name=family name=surname 姓氏

6 first name = given name 名字

7 telephone number 电话号码

=phone number 电话号码

8 ID card 身份证

9 Good morning (to sb) 早上好

10 Good afternoon 下午好

11 Good night /evening . 晚上好

12 Sit down, please. =Have a seat, please. 请坐

13 That’s all right. 好;行;不用谢;没关系

That’s right . 对的、正确的

All right . 好的
，行，好吧

14 Not at all.=It’s a/my pleasure.=That’s OK.

=You’re welcome.=That’s all right. 不用谢

Unit 2 Is this your pencil?

I.重点句型

Is that/this/it your backpack? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t . It’s his backpack.

This/That is my eraser.

How do you spell it/pen? P-E-N.

Call Allan at 486-67895 Call 685-6098 Call Mary. Phone # 235-7865.

Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

II.词组

1 pencil case 铅笔盒

2 pencil sharpener 卷笔刀

3 pen pal =pen friend 笔友

4 Thank you. =Thanks . 谢谢你

5 in English 用英语

6 computer game(s) 电子游戏

7 Lost and Found 失物招领

8 a set of 一副;一套

a set of keys 一串钥匙

9 who’s=who is 谁是

11 it’s=it is 它是

12 look at 朝…看

13 ball-point pen 圆珠笔

14 call sb at+电话号码 打电话给某人

15 gold ring 金戒指

16 school ID card 校卡

17 See you later.=See you soon . 再见

初一英语上册语法知识点总结

一 、初一英语语法——词法

1
、名词

A)、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词 ，而不可数名词它没有复数形式
，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一)在后面加s 。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s) 。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有复数 ，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)单词形式不变
，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班 ，同学, family家
，家庭成员

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词
。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的单复数意思不同 。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸 ，卷子
，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯 ，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s
。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s 。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式
。构成如下：

一)单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’
，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理 。如：Teachers’ Day 教师节 , classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时 ，只加最后一个’s
，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理
。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

2 、代词

项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词

人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性

第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself

复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

复数 they them their theirs these those themselves

3
、动词

A) 第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时 ，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s
，如下：

一)一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es 。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s
。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o结尾加es。如：does, goes

五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B) 现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式 ，不能用原形
，构成如下：

一)一般在后加ing 。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing
。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing 。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或级形式
。构成如下：

一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外 ，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est 。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est
。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情况：(两好多坏
，一少老远)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst

little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

5 、数词 (基变序，有规则;一
、二、三 ，自己背;五 、八、九
、十二; 其它 后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

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英语中六大从句用法总结

1.主语从句

1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置
，如果从句较长，谓语又较短 ，可用it作形式主语
，而将从句放在句末 。常见的句型有：

*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...

*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...

*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...

*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...

It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.

It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语
。

What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义 ，但它们引导的主语从句
，都用陈述语序。

How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.

I did know why I felt like crying.

2.宾语从句

1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后 。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句
。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。

*I promised that I would change the situation.

*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.

*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.

*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补 ，要用形式宾语it来代替
，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后 。

He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的 ，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上
，宾语从句则变成肯定形式
。

He didn't think that the money was well spent.

3.表语从句

表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句 ”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导 。that常可省略
。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句 ，不可用because.

Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

4.同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导
，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短 ，将同位语从句位于谓语之后 。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

5.定语从句

定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词
，也可以是一个句子
。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句修饰先行词 ，对先行词起修饰作用
，紧接先行词之后，无逗号 ，若省去
，原句意思不完整 。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等
。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物 ，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物
，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外 ，还在从句中担任主语 、宾语
、定语等 。

The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。

That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略

在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略
。关系代词紧跟介词
，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句 ，并且不可省略
，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that ，也可省略。

This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等 。关系副词在从句中作状语
，意义上相当于一个“介词+which
”的结构
。

Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

5.定语从句

*非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句 ，起补充说明作用
，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去 ，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句 。关系词不可省略
。

Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.

*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句

“介词+which\whom\whose ”可引导限制性定语从句
，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配 ，或先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the computer on which he spent all his savings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

*as引导的定语从句

as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as
”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词 。as引导非限制性定语从句时
，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间
。

These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)

As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

6.状语从句

*时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：

1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。

We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.

2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等 。

As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.

The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

*地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.

Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.

*原因 、结果和目的状语从句

1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等
。

Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.

2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that

,so that,that,so等。

Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.

3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等 ，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词 。

We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

*条件和让步状语从句

1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。

As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.

2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等
。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构
，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词
、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语 ” 。

No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.

Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)

Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

*方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等
。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气 ，表示与事实相反。

The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.

Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

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